Forest Central North Conservation Area Character Appraisal

About this character appraisal

The landscape of the New Forest National Park is unique. It is a living working remnant of medieval England with a sense of continuity, tradition and history. It is not the survival of just one special quality but a whole range of features that bring a sense of continuity and integrity.

Where there are areas of special historic and architectural interest the Authority has the opportunity to designate these as conservation areas.

Every area has its own distinctive character made up from topography, historic development, current uses and features, buildings, paths and lanes, hedges, trees, place names. Understanding and appreciating an area’s character, including its social and economic background, and the way these factors have shaped the place should be the starting point for both its management and its future. This is the purpose of this document.

The character appraisal considers:

• The location and setting of the area
• Historic development
• The character of the area in detail
• Building materials and details
• The contribution of the natural environment

This document is for:

• Anyone who is interested in finding out about the area
• Anyone proposing to carry out work in the area
• Organisations responsible for any aspect of management of the area
• Our partner organisations, who help deliver National Park purposes through their work
• Members and staff of the National Park Authority

How to contact us

We would welcome your views and comments on this document and any other matter affecting the conservation area.

Please write to:
Head of Environmental Services
New Forest National Park Authority
South Efford House, Milford Road
Everton, Lymington
Hampshire SO41 OJD

Direct Line: 01590 646658
Fax: 01590 646666
E-mail: enquiries@newforestnpa.gov.uk
Web: www.newforestnpa.gov.uk

Other formats: Contact us if you would like a copy of this document in another format such as large-print or braille.

Executive summary

Forest Central North is an area of historic landscape and settlement which has developed its unique character over more than a thousand years. It developed as a result of the controlling influence of the all encompassing Royal Forest. This restricted land usage in the medieval period to within the existing boundaries of the medieval manors. Later a number of encroachments were made into the Forest and heathland and onto the commons for both cultivation and managed woodlands. This is particularly evident around Penn and Furzley commons to the north and Cadnam and Copythorne commons to the east.

The area is bounded by open heathland to the north and northeast, with woodland and woodland pasture to the west and south. The A31 and M27 segregate this part of the New Forest from Minstead to the south and forms a major physical boundary, bisecting the New Forest, with little opportunity to cross this major road.

The area consists of a mixture of buildings of varying ages and styles, including thatched roofed timber framed cottages of the 16th and 17th centuries; some cob, but mainly brick cottages of the 18th and early 19th centuries. The buildings are characterised by their scale, plan form and detailing.

The 18th and 19th centuries saw the consolidation of the estates on the better quality arable land. This consolidation supported the development of Warren’s House and its associated parkland in the 18th century and at Bramshaw Hill House in the 19th century, later replaced by Fountain Court.

The conservation area is served by a series of narrow roads and lanes. These originally linked the arable lands of the estates and manors to the Forest and common lands, via a series of funnels onto the commons and woodland pasture. Settlements developed along the edges of the main north–south route through the area, around the greens and commons and along Newbridge Road. The remainder of the settlement comprises isolated farmsteads and associated cottages. This settlement pattern has formed the basis for the development of the built areas as they are seen today.

Other features of importance to the area are the survival of the historic boundary banks, ditches, hedges and field systems. These illustrate many centuries of land usage and are important features of the historic landscape.

Although the economy was formerly dependent upon agriculture or the servicing of the large estates and the Forest, the majority of people now work away from the area. However, Forest Central North still retains its character as a series of dispersed linear rural settlements, with some local community facilities remaining.

Modern development has on the whole respected the traditional small plot layout. Although the area has not suffered from major areas of development, its historic character is now under pressure. This has led to the loss of some of the smaller cottages through their expansion or being replaced by large modern houses which do not respect the vernacular character or materials of the area. Ongoing incremental changes to traditional buildings also threaten the special character of the area. Designation of the area as a conservation area seeks to ensure that the rural qualities and character of the area are preserved, all new development respects the special character of the area, and historic and architectural features are retained.

Contents

• Part 1 Introduction
• Part 2 Background
• Part 3 Forest Central North Conservation Area
  • 3.1 Context
  • 3.2 Topography and landscape
  • 3.3 Historic development of the landscape
  • 3.4 History of the settlements within the conservation area
  • 3.5 Areas of archaeological potential
• Part 4 An appraisal of the conservation area
  • 4.1 Key characteristics of the conservation area
  • 4.2 Character areas
  • 4.3 Newbridge
  • 4.4 Cadnam Green
  • 4.5 Manor Farm and neighbouring dispersed farms
  • 4.6 Canterton
  • 4.7 Warren’s House and Park
  • 4.8 Brook, Brook Hill, Stock’s Cross and Bramshaw
  • 4.9 Bramshaw church and dispersed agricultural settlement
  • 4.10 Penn Common and Furzely
  • 4.11 Forest edge encroachment
  • 4.12 Cadnam
• Part 5 Materials, textures, colours and detailing
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Walls
  • 5.3 Roofs
  • 5.4 Windows
  • 5.5 Doors
  • 5.6 Garden walls, fences and other means of enclosure
  • 5.7 Key characteristics
• Part 6 The contribution of trees, open spaces and other landscape features
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Trees and hedgerows
  • 6.3 Open spaces
  • 6.4 Other natural features in the landscape
  • 6.5 Other man made features in the landscape
  • 6.6 Important views
  • 6.7 Key characteristics
• Part 7 Other issues affecting the conservation area
• Annex 1 Map showing conservation area boundary
• Annex 2 Map showing character areas
• Annex 3 Glossary of terms
• Annex 4 References
• Annex 5 Public consultation
• Annex 6 DVD - detailed mapping

Part 1 Introduction

1.1

In accordance with the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, for each conservation area in the New Forest National Park, a character appraisal has been prepared following guidelines produced by English Heritage and Central Government.

1.2

This character appraisal should be read in conjunction with New Forest National Park Authority planning policies. The appraisal has been produced to inform the designation of a conservation area covering an element of the central part of the New Forest National Park. Designation of this area took place on 24 January 2008. The appraisal will be used to guide future development within the conservation area.

1.3

The conservation area boundary is shown in Annex 1. A detailed set of maps is included on DVD at Annex 6 which highlight character features in the conservation area.

At date of publication the ‘History and Archaeology’ chapter of the New Forest District Council Local Plan (First Alteration), adopted in August 2005 to be superseded by New Forest National Park Plan.

Part 2 Background

2.1 Conservation areas are defined as “areas of special architectural or historic interest, the character and appearance of which it is desirable to preserve and enhance”. Conservation areas were introduced in the late 1960s as part of a wider recognition of the contribution made by areas of distinctive character. Although the merits of individual buildings had been recognised for many years, through the listing process, the value of good quality historic areas had not been formally acknowledged until that time.

2.2 Designation introduces control over the demolition of unlisted buildings and provides the basis for policies designed to preserve or enhance all the aspects of character or appearance that define an area’s special interest. It is the quality and interest of areas, rather than that of individual buildings, which should be the prime consideration in identifying conservation areas. Our experience of an historic area depends on much more than the quality of individual buildings. It also depends on the historic layout of property boundaries and thoroughfares, on a particular mix of uses, on characteristic materials, an appropriate scaling and detailing of contemporary buildings, on the quality of advertisements, shop fronts, street furniture and hard and soft surfaces, on vistas along streets and between buildings, and on the extent to which traffic intrudes and limits pedestrian use of spaces between buildings. Conservation area designation should be seen as the means of recognising the importance of all these factors and of ensuring that conservation policy addresses the quality of the built environment in its broadest sense, as well as the protection of individual buildings.

2.3 The Authority has a duty to ensure that the character of the conservation area is preserved or enhanced, particularly when considering applications for development.

2.4 In order to do this it is important to understand what it is that gives the area its distinct and unique character. This character is derived from a number of factors including its historic development, landscape and topography, the style, type and form of the buildings, spaces between buildings, materials, textures, colours, detailing and less tangible aspects such as sounds and smells which can contribute to the special character of the area.

2.5 Local authorities are now encouraged to prepare character appraisals for their conservation areas to identify these special qualities and to highlight features of particular significance. By establishing what makes the conservation area special, the reasons for designation become clearer to those who live, work or propose to carry out development within it. The appraisal is intended as an overview, providing the framework within which individual planning applications can be assessed.

2.6 When determining applications the planning authority considers factors such as size, scale, materials and design in order to assess the likely impact of the proposed development on the character of the conservation area. The character appraisal has been written to work in conjunction with New Forest National Park Authority planning policies. The appraisal includes text, maps and photographs, to pick out those features which contribute to the special character of the conservation area. It is not realistic to refer to every building or feature within the conservation area but the omission of any part does not mean that it is without significance.

References: Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990; Civic Amenities Act 1967

Part 3 Forest Central North Conservation Area

3.1 Context

3.1.1 The conservation area contains the settlements of Newbridge, Brook, Brook Hill, Bramshaw, Lower Canterton, Furzley and Cadnam. Also within the area is the parkland of Warren’s House estate. The area lies to the north of the A31, south of Wellow and Landford. It does not contain any previously designated conservation areas.

3.1.2 The population of the parish of Bramshaw is 705, and that of Minstead, 618 and Copythorne, 2626 (Hampshire County Council’s Small Area Population Forecasts). The economy was formerly based on farming, commoners’ grazing, one major estate and the supporting rural industry, such as blacksmiths, farriers and carriers (cart owners). Today, the area is less reliant on agriculture, with a number of people commuting to major centres such as Southampton and with a seasonal emphasis on tourism and leisure, including golf.

3.1.3 The area offers a restricted range of community facilities, including: a village hall, public houses, churches and a village shop.

3.2 Topography and landscape

3.2.1 The conservation area is mainly surrounded by commons, heathland and Forest. To the north lies Plaitford Common, West Wellow Common, Landford Common, Canada Common and the late 19th and 20th century common land encroachments of Landford, Nomansland and Canada. To the east are Half Moon Common, Copythorne Common and the village of Cadnam. To the south Bignell Wood and Castle Malwood Walk. To the west Bramshaw Wood, Broom Hill, Brook Common and King’s Garn Gutter Inclosure.

3.2.2 The New Forest has a diversity of landscapes, natural beauty and amenity value. The combination of heathland, mire and pasture woodland has a unique cultural identity and forms the largest remaining tract of this habitat type in lowland Europe. The conservation area lies towards the centre of this special landscape area where the dominant pattern of local biodiversity and vegetation reflects a thousand years of encroachment and agricultural exploitation of the Forest edge.

3.2.3 The land rises to the north of the area with Bramshaw Church on Judd’s Hill at its highest point. There are several small streams draining the area which contains a mosaic of small fields and copses. A network of narrow lanes with small “greens” and residual commons intersect the area. The main through route is the B3079 running north-south, linking the A36 to the north of the area with the A31 to the south.

3.2.4 The area is made up of several former medieval manors, the largest being Warren’s estate with Warren’s House and Park at its heart. The remaining arable land and pasture, comprises a series of small scattered farms and some small-holdings.

3.3 Historic development of the landscape

3.3.1 Documentary evidence would suggest that Bramshaw, Canterton and Cadnam were already under cultivation or pasture with dispersed settlements at the time of the Norman Conquest.

3.3.2 The formation of the Royal Forest, through the enlargement of a pre-existing Saxon royal hunting ground, in the 1070s, affected the settlements and land usage in the area and parts of Canterton came under Forest law. However, in the 13th and 14th centuries the lands on the margin of the Forest seem to have become more managed for pasture and agriculture, within the limits of the Forest law, with the development of small estates and manors.

3.3.3 In the later medieval and post medieval periods, encroachment on the edge of the commons continued with the formation of small paddocks and associated cottages; for example Penn Farm, the area between Penn Common and West Wellow Common and the area which is now Newbridge.

3.3.4 In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, dwellings were constructed along the main north-south route between the existing farms and there was also some encroachment onto the small greens and along the edge of the Commons. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries there was a flurry of development which became Newbridge and there was also development to the north of Furzley Common and the southern edge of Penn Common.

3.3.5 The more productive agricultural land saw improvements from the 17th century onwards with better land management. These areas tended to be wealthier than the Forest edge settlements and, in the 18th century, there was the development of country houses and formal parkland, such as Warren’s. This gentrification of the landscape continued into the 19th and early 20th centuries with the building of other houses, such as Fountain Court and the present Canterton Manor.

3.3.6 A feature of this area is the small isolated implement sheds which are 18th or 19th century encroachments onto the wide verges or green areas.

3.4 History of the settlements within the conservation area

• Bramshaw. This place name is referred to in 1086 as “Brammesage”; in 1158 as “Bremscaue”; in 1186 as “Brumesaghe” and in 1272 as “Brambelshagh”. The 13th century form of the place name would suggest that it is derived from the old English “Brěmelsceaga” meaning ‘bramble – bush wood’ or ‘bramble strip of wood’. A document of 1595 refers to an area in the manor as “Bramblehill”. Bramshaw is formed from a number of medieval land holdings which constitute the core of the settlement. Until the middle of the 19th century, the County boundary between Wiltshire and Hampshire, ran through the Bramshaw area.
• Canterton. This place name is referred to in 1086 as “Cantortun”; in 1212 as “Kantarton” and in 1227 as “Canterton”. The place name is derived from the old English “Cantwaraton” meaning ‘farm of the Kentish men’.
• Penn Farm. First appears in a document of 1272 and would appear to be an encroachment into the medieval Penn Common.
• Warrens. This area would originally appear to have been a freehold parcel of land belonging to the medieval Manor of Bramshaw, otherwise known as ‘Moore Close’ and its current name was taken from the “Warren Family” who held the land in the 17th century, the name was first mentioned in a document of 1639. In 1798 the manor was purchased by the Eyre Family who still hold it today.
• Birchenwood. This area of land was originally associated with the Manor of Bramshaw (Moore Close) in the 16th century, but was sold off in 1588. It was probably a manor in its own right at the time of Domesday, but was not termed as a manor in later documentation until the 18th century. At the end of the 18th century, Birchenwood was sold to the Eyre Family and became part of Warren’s estate.
• Newbridge. This settlement appears to have developed adjacent to a small parcel of meadowland. This was situated alongside the river and was enclosed in the early medieval period. In addition, encroachment continued into the late medieval period, into adjacent woodland. This was used for agricultural purposes and then expanded further in the 19th century, possibly due to the enclosure of the common lands in Eling Parish. Only one building appears to pre-date the late 19th century and this is an isolated farmhouse. Otherwise, the built development began mainly in the early 20th century, with later 20th century development, interspersed. This development occurred in a linear manner at the northernmost and southernmost ends of the character area.
• Cadnam. This place name is first referred to in 1272 and 1280 as “Cadenham”. The name derived from the Old English “Cada’s Estate” or an area of ‘hemmed-in land’. The Manor of Cadname was an estate held by Amesbury Priory in medieval times and extended north to Storms Farm, to the old County boundary in the west and to Newbridge in the east.

3.5 Areas of archaeological potential

3.5.1 Most settlements contain archaeological evidence which helps to explain their origins and the way of life of former inhabitants. However the historically diverse nature of settlement within the conservation area makes it difficult to define specific areas of archaeological potential. The likelihood of the occurrence of archaeological material is related specifically to previous and present land usage.

3.5.2 The traditional interpretation of the historic landscape is that, in the Bronze Age, large areas of primeval Forest were cleared, exposing the poor soils of the Forest to erosion giving rise to areas of heathland. However recent research is showing that the picture is more complicated with land going into and out of cultivation at various periods. The better soils in the river valleys and in the areas of clay were better able to support cultivation and good pasture lands.

3.5.3 The creation of the Royal Forest in the 11th century further restricted land use and settlement patterns in parts of the conservation area. It was only in the later medieval period that land on the fringes of the heathland began to be settled and exploited and surviving buildings in these areas today are mainly of 18th and 19th century in date. Over the last one hundred years plots of land within these dispersed settlements have been developed and may well have wiped out any surviving archaeology, which could have thrown light on the former land usage. Therefore any undisturbed plots within settlement areas, or land undisturbed by modern agriculture may have archaeological potential.

3.5.4 Of particular archaeological potential is the area immediately surrounding the church and the vicarage at Bramshaw. Churches are quite often a focal point for the development of settlements in the earlier medieval period, although in this particular case there is no surface evidence in the form of earthworks or house platforms etc. Other areas of potential are focused on the small greens such as that adjacent to Blood Oaks and Parsonage Farm and Stocks Cross Green. The remaining historic settlement pattern appears to be one of dispersed farmsteads and manorial holdings.

3.5.5 Cadnam also has significant archaeological potential, as it is the focal point of five Roman Roads, coming to a junction near the present day White Hart public house, and two coin hoards, pottery, nails and a lead coffin indicate early settlement in this area. In addition, the field patterns in the Cadnam area are particularly important as they suggest early medieval settlement and land usage.

3.5.7 Archaeological remains of any period could be found within the conservation area and any proposals to carry out works, which include ground disturbance, are likely to require an archaeological evaluation and assessment. This may conclude that development is inappropriate or needs to be modified.

Part 4 An appraisal of the conservation area

4.1 Key characteristics of the conservation area

• Consists of a small number of historic settlements which developed around a series of medieval manors within the Forest.
• The majority of the historic development is one plot deep and is formed of either linear ribbon development along road sides or isolated farmsteads.
• More modern development has consolidated areas of ribbon development.
• Most buildings are in residential use, many with supporting agricultural or equestrian outbuildings.
• A small number of higher status properties are dotted around the area and were often the original farmhouses.
• One large country estate remains with associated parkland.
• There are several later small country houses with associated gardens and parkland.
• There are 30 listed buildings or structures within the conservation area, of which Warren’s House and the Church of St Peter are listed Grade II*. The remainder are listed Grade II.
• Of the listed structures, a number include estate cottages, farm houses and farm buildings.
• 116 buildings have been identified as being of local, vernacular or cultural interest within the conservation area boundary.
• The majority of older houses were originally small and of two storeys in scale, but many have been altered and extended or amalgamated.
• A small number of residential dwellings are converted agricultural buildings, which originally served the farms throughout the area; however, there are a number of unconverted important agricultural buildings surviving within the conservation area.
• A small number of 16th and 17th century buildings have timber frame origins.
• The majority of cottages and small houses date from the late 18th and early 19th century and are generally of brick and slate in construction, facing onto the adjacent road.
• A small number of buildings and their plots represent historic Forest encroachment.
• Boundaries to plots are traditionally formed by hedgerows, metal estate fencing or simple low timber post fencing.
• Major key buildings: Marsh Farmhouse, Wittensford Cottage, Storm’s Farmhouse, Canterton Manor, Canterton Manor Farm, Keeper’s Cottage, Old Sir Walter Tyrell, Skers Farmhouse, Warren’s House and associated Gate Lodges, Bell Inn, Green Dragon Public House, Brook Cottage, Brook Green Cottage, Burnford House, Consort Cottage, Memorial Cottages, Fountain Court and associated Gate Lodges, Church of St Peter, The Old Vicarage, Lower Barford Farm, Oak Cottage, Upper Barford Farm, and Forester’s Cottage.
• Other key manmade features: banked enclosures, implement sheds at the side of the road, parish boundary marker and Wittensford Bridge.

4.2 Character areas

4.2.1 Forest Central North Conservation Area is divided into 10 character areas (shown on map in Annex 2) and these are described separately:

1. Newbridge
2. Cadnam Green
3. Manor Farm and neighbouring dispersed farms
4. Canterton
5. Warren’s House and Park
6. Brook, Brook Hill, Stocks Cross and Bramshaw
7. Bramshaw church and dispersed agricultural settlements
8. Penn Common and Furzely
9. Forest encroachment
10. Cadnam

4.3 Newbridge (A)

4.3.1 This character area is formed by the strip of linear development along Newbridge Road, stretching from the A31 in the south through to Newbridge Farm in the north, and a large area of irregular field systems running to the southwest.

4.3.2 The character area is the easternmost within the conservation area and is boarded by Cadnam Green (character area B) to the west. To the north west, outside of the conservation area boundary, is Cadnam Common and Furzey Common and, to the north, Half Moon Common and a large wooded area. To the east lies a further large wooded area. The route of the M27 bisects the lower portion of the character area, but the original route of Newbridge Road runs beneath the newer major road, thereby retaining the connection with the upper part of the character area.

4.3.3 The character area represents a late medieval arable encroachment into Cadnam Common, with a small area of encroachment west of Newbridge Farm. The area is formed of a mosaic of irregular medieval field systems with boundary hedges. The linear built settlement pattern developed predominantly in the late 19th century and early 20th century, with a mixture of building sizes and designs in irregularly shaped plots.

4.3.4 There appears to be only one more historic dwelling in the area, at Robinsbrook Farm. The general development at Newbridge dates from the late Victorian era, with further building continuing into Edwardian times. These buildings are predominantly constructed of brick with slate roofs.

4.3.5 Isolated development, following the linear settlement pattern, continued between the wars and into the mid to late 20th century. The later development respects the earlier linear settlement pattern, with buildings generally set back from and facing the road, but usually form and detail do not respect the special characteristics of the area.

4.3.6 Views into and out of the character area are generally restricted at eye level throughout the length of the linear development by the tree and hedge road edges. Occasional more long-distance views are gained out of the character area to the east of Newbridge Farm and to the west of the northern part of Newbridge Road. In addition, wide views are gained into the character area across the southernmost fields from the raised embankment of the M27, which forms the southern boundary of the conservation area.

4.3.7 There are no large areas of woodland or copses within the character area, with trees confined to the edge of the Robinsbrook watercourse, which runs the length of the character area, or to individual specimens along the roadside.

4.3.8 In areas, a strong ditched and banked boundary feature still survives, identifying the original medieval boundaries of the encroachment into Cadnam Common, as well as the boundaries of the later encroachment west of Newbridge Farm.

4.3.9 There are no listed buildings within the character area, but 19 unlisted buildings have been identified as being of local, vernacular or cultural interest, the majority of which date from the late 19th century and early 20th century. These buildings enhance the character area in which they are located and represent good local vernacular detailing and reflect the cultural history of the area. They are generally located within small groups throughout the linear built development.

4.3.10 Brook Cottage, Glendale, Heatherlies, Oaklee, Petherton and Violet Cottage are all of a similar simple design of two storeys with a central doorway and porch, vertical sash windows either side of the door at ground and first floor, and a gabled slate roof with end chimney stacks. The buildings are all early 20th century, with some bearing dates, ranging between 1908 and 1914. They may well have all been constructed by the same builder over this relatively short period of time. It is important that most of these buildings have retained their original simple plan-form and appearance, as well as original detailing such as slate roofs and timber vertical sash windows.

4.3.11 In contrast, Robinsbrook Farm and outbuildings are probably the earliest buildings in this character area. The farmhouse appears to have origins in the 18th century, demonstrating detailing such as decorative blue headers and timber vertical sash window frames flush with the front façade. This dwelling is set back from the road and isolated within the character area on the western side of the Newbridge Road at this point. It retains its setting of associated simple single storey utilitarian brick and tile outbuildings on the road frontage and remains surrounded by farmland.

Photographs: 1, View restricted by tree and hedge road edges; 2, Occasional wider views out of area; 3, Tree boundary bank to common; 4, Brook Cottage; 5, Glendale; 6, Heatherlie; 7, Heatherlie, detail of date stone.

4.4 Cadnam Green (B)

4.4.1 This linear character area is formed by Cadnam Green, an area of encroachment onto common land on either side of Cadnam Lane, stretching from a funnel onto Cadnam Common in the north, down to the vicinity of Cadenham Farm in the southwest. The area is bordered by Newbridge (character area A) to the east and south; the more arable character of Manor Farm and neighbouring dispersed farms (character area C) to the west; and Cadnam Common, outside of the conservation area to the north.

4.4.2 Cadnam Green appears to act as a holding area for animals with a narrowing of the character area to the north, prior to funnelling onto Cadnam Common.

4.4.3 The built development is limited to an isolated dwelling and farm within the northern part and the buildings comprising Marsh Farm, Cadenham Farm and Cadenham Court and Grange in the south. A small area of irregularly shaped fields helps to create the pinch point at the northern end of the open green in the vicinity of Withers Farm. This built development dates from the late 18th century through to the early 20th century. There is no modern residential development in the character area.

4.4.4 Views out of this character area are generally restricted by the hedge and tree boundaries to the green, with more extensive views out over Cadnam Common to the north. However, extensive views are afforded through the length of the linear green and narrower lane area to the north, prior to reaching Cadnam Common. Several larger specimen trees are located within the open green area and on the edges within the hedgerows. The wide verge areas to the lane above the green are a particular feature.

4.4.5 There are no listed buildings within this area, but five un-listed buildings have been identified as being of local, vernacular or cultural interest, ranging from an 18th century farmhouse to a small timber implement shed within the common land area. Each of these very different buildings enhance the particular part of the character area in which they are located and represent good local vernacular detailing and reflect the cultural history of the area.

4.4.6 Marsh Farmhouse is probably the earliest building in this character area. Similarly to Robinsbrook Farmhouse, in character area A, the dwelling appears to have origins in the 18th century, demonstrating detailing such as decorative blue headers and timber vertical sash window frames flush with the front façade, and has a hipped plain tile roof. This dwelling is set back from the road and isolated within the character area on the south eastern side of Cadnam Green.

4.4.7 Bibury Villa is located at the northern end of the open area of Cadnam Green in a prominent position in views when travelling north and provides an end stop to the green. The dwelling dates from 1914 and is typical in detailing of many buildings of the era, being of symmetrical façade, brick built with a slate roof and end chimney stacks. Unfortunately, some original detailing has been lost, such as the original sash windows, but there is a hedged boundary to the green.

4.4.8 In contrast to Bibury Villa, Cadenham Court & Grange is a substantial building of the Edwardian period, located off the southern end of Cadnam Green, set back from the road within substantial grounds. It is an example of a higher status building of this period.

4.4.9 As important as the preceding unlisted buildings is the small timber implement shed located at the southern end of Cadnam Green. This is typical of such small utilitarian buildings which often encroach onto the edge of such common land areas or the wider verges throughout the New Forest and can be found in various parts of the conservation area. This is an important survival and retention of such simple buildings in these locations is key to the intrinsic character and cultural history of the conservation area.

Photographs: 1, Road entry to Cadnam Green; 2, Tree lined Cadnam Lane; 3, Cadnam Green; 4, Marsh Farm; 5, Bibury Villa; 6, Date stone.

4.5 Manor Farm and neighbouring dispersed farms (C)

4.5.1 This character area is formed of an open undulating arable landscape of medieval and 18th century field systems, with wooded areas dotted throughout. The area is characterised by very little built development, which is confined to the isolated farmsteads and any associated ancillary buildings and cottages.

4.5.2 Cadnam Green (character area B) lies along the western edge; Warren’s House estate (character area E) to the northwest; the village of Brook (in character area F) to the west; and part of Lower Canterton (character area D) to the southwest. To the southeast, is the bottom element of character area A and the village of Cadnam, below the M27. Cadnam Common lies outside of the conservation area to the north, and Bignell Wood and the M27 to the south and southeast.

4.5.3 This character area developed around the medieval manor site in the centre, now occupied by Manor Farm, and the five outlying farms. There is a strong funnel feature onto Cadnam Common in the north, adjacent to Storm’s Farm. In addition, the medieval field boundaries survive particularly well, further demonstrating the development of the manor.

4.5.4 The area is traversed by a more major road, running east west, along the southernmost part, along with a small number of narrow country lanes. The lanes typically have hedge and tree boundaries, but the undulating land often affords longer distance views across the surrounding fields and on occasion, across the wider landscape.

4.5.5 The built development mostly comprises the farm buildings associated with the six farms in the area and with the earliest examples dating from the 17th century, but the majority of buildings appearing to have late 18th century origins. 19th century farm cottages were constructed to serve the agricultural economy and several examples remain. The ancillary farm buildings, such as barns and granaries, generally date from the 18th century, with an interesting complex of late 19th century buildings at Warren’s Farm. Several isolated 19th century dwellings are located around Wittensford, a historic crossing of the watercourse at this point. There has been little 20th century development in the character area, however, where this has taken place, it has generally been sympathetic to the local vernacular character and detailing of the more historic buildings in the area.

4.5.6 There are two Grade II listed buildings within the character area: Birchenwood Farmhouse and the adjacent barn.

4.5.7 The farmhouse dates from the early to mid 19th century and is constructed of brickwork in a chequer work pattern and has a slate roof. It is a substantial two storey building with a gabled porch and has segmental head casement windows, all of which are leaded. The adjacent barn dates from the early 19th century and is timber framed, supported on 18 staddle stones and has been reclad in corrugated iron.

4.5.8 In addition, fourteen un-listed buildings have been identified as being of local, vernacular or cultural interest, ranging from 18th century or earlier farmhouses, to 19th century farm workers cottages and a good example of a new modern dwelling. These buildings are scattered throughout the character area and are generally located alongside or set back from and facing the adjacent road. Each of these very different buildings enhance the particular part of the character area in which they are located and represent good local vernacular detailing and reflect the cultural history of the area.

4.5.9 Ashton Cottage, Cadnam Cottages and Copse Close Cottage are all examples of workers cottage style buildings, dating from the early 19th century through to the late 20th century. What is significant is that this type and size of simply designed dwelling is practical and locally distinctive to the New Forest area and shows that the cultural traditions of the character area are continuing into the present day.

4.5.10 Five further unlisted farm complexes are located within this character area. Of particular note are Home Farmhouse, Manor Farmhouse, Springer’s Farm and Storm’s Farmhouse. Manor Farmhouse is located on the original manor site within the area and is a substantial two storey early 19th century brick building, set back from the road. In contrast, Springer’s Farm and Storm’s Farmhouse appear to have earlier origins, perhaps in the late 17th century or early 18th century. These two latter buildings were high status buildings of their time, and are of two storey brick construction of three bays in length with a slate roof over. Both buildings are set back from, but face onto the adjacent road, with Storm’s Farmhouse located at the end of a narrow lane on the Forest edge, adjacent to a funnel onto Cadnam Common. Home Farmhouse is a mid 19th century building and, unusually for this area, is fully tile hung. The lattice cast iron casement windows are also another particularly notable feature of this dwelling.

4.5.11 In addition to the farmhouses, there are also examples of good associated farm buildings. At Springer’s Farm, a small range of out buildings lies at right angles to the road, forming a farmyard setting in front of the farmhouse. The Home Farm agricultural buildings are an important surviving 19th century estate farm complex, but have unfortunately suffered from inappropriate alteration in areas.

4.5.12 In the southern part of the character area is Wittensford Cottage. This is a late 19th century estate cottage, facing onto the river crossing and associated bridge. The building is of a typical t-shaped plan form, with a central two storey gabled element and two single storey wings. It is unusual in that the roof is covered with timber shingles, which is a rare use of this material in the conservation area.

Photographs: 1, Funnel onto Cadnam Common; 2, Tree boundary to lane; 3, Birchenwood Farm; 4, Birchenwood Farm outbuildings; 5, Ashton Cottage; 6, Cadnam Cottages; 7, Copse Close Cottage.

4.6 Canterton (D)

4.6.1 This character area was originally an Anglo Saxon assart, an enclosed piece of land for agricultural use, and later became a medieval vaccary. Canterton is mentioned in the Domesday Book in 1086.

4.6.2 The character area is bordered by the village of Brook (character area F) in the north and the arable and wooded land of character area C in the northeast. Otherwise, this character area is surrounded by the Forest edge, comprising woodland, woodland pasture and part of a golf course.

4.6.3 The character of this undulating landscape within the character area is formed by significant areas of woodland running along the eastern side and through the centre. To the north of the woodland is an area of medieval field systems within which lies one historic farm. To the southwest, is another smaller area of irregular medieval field systems, within which are located two further farms.

4.6.4 The original manor site was located at the centre of the character area and is the site of Keeper’s Cottage today. The present Canterton Manor is a late 19th century building located on the northern edge of the eastern wooded area. The other historic built development within the area mostly comprises smaller workers’ cottages, often located on the edge of the Forest or common land.

4.6.5 There is very little modern development in this character area and this is restricted to the occasional new or replacement dwelling. Unfortunately, these more modern buildings have not generally been constructed in sympathetic materials and therefore, do not blend in well with the more historic elements of the character area.

4.6.6 The few roads and tracks within the area form part of the original layout of the early medieval holding with the principal house in the centre. Today, the area is only crossed by one narrow road, running generally north–south. On the western boundary is a short length of lane, terminating at Lower Canterton. An unmade historic track runs east-west through the area. Hedges line the edges of the roads and track, with specimen trees interspersed within.

4.6.7 Views into and out of the character area are generally restricted at eye level by tree and hedge boundaries to the roads. Only mainly restricted views are gained over the Forest to the east, south and west, with just the area directly below the Sir Walter Tyrell, affording wider views.

4.6.8 Specific features of this character area include the wider verges, which are a common occurrence along parts of roads and the tracks, creating a feeling of spaciousness in contrast to the other narrower parts. In addition the triangle of open common land at Canterton Green creates an important focal point.

4.6.9 There are four listed buildings in the area, all being Grade II, including: Sker’s Farm, Keeper’s Cottage, Canterton Manor Farmhouse and Glen Cottage. The listed buildings are isolated from one another throughout the length of the character area.

4.6.10 Keeper’s Cottage is a large higher status building, within which it is possible survives the remains of an earlier 17th century manor house. The building has been altered subsequently in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, but retains its historic detailing. It is located slightly set back from the road. The building is constructed of brick, with some tile hanging, has a plain tile roof and is of two storeys with a large off-centre brick chimney stack.

4.6.11 Some distance to the south, is Canterton Manor Farmhouse, which again has origins in the 17th century, with later brick and tile additions. In contrast to Keeper’s Cottage, however, this building is of lower status, with the oldest part being constructed of timber frame with brick infill, some in a herringbone fashion, and has a thatched roof. The farmhouse is set back off the road and has associated 19th century ancillary out buildings to the south.

4.6.12 Sker’s Farmhouse dates from the 18th century with later alterations. It is constructed of brick, with some tile hanging and has a plain tile roof. The farmhouse is in a prominent position on the roadside on higher ground within the character area.

4.6.13 Glen Cottage, in contrast to the preceding farm buildings, is a lower status building dating from the early 19th century. It is an unaltered example of a typical Forest cottage, constructed of rendered cob, with a thatched roof and brick chimney stacks and a weatherboarded lean-to. It is located in an isolated position on the Forest edge.

4.6.14 In total 14 un-listed buildings have been identified as being of local, vernacular or cultural interest, ranging from 19th century agricultural buildings to late 19th century and early 20th century cottages. These unlisted buildings are mainly isolated from one another.

4.6.15 September Cottage is an early 19th century thatched Forest cottage. It is set back from the road at the edge of a tree inclosure. The weatherboarding at first floor is an uncommon material on a dwelling in this part of the New Forest.

4.6.16 The Old Sir Walter Tyrell is a detached building facing onto the open Forest edge woodland pasture in the south of the character area. This is a substantial and prominent classic 19th century building, located adjacent to the later Sir Walter Tyrell, which retains the majority of its original detailing, including fenestration. It is particularly important in relation to the use of mathematical tiles, a high status building material, not commonly found in this part of the New Forest.

4.6.17 Langley Cottage, Thornlea Cottage, Three Corner Mead and Twin Oaks are all similarly designed small foresters’ cottages. Thornlea Cottage is located within the wide verge adjacent to the road and the other buildings are sited facing the road, but slightly set back. Each of these buildings either face onto the woodland pasture Forest edge, or onto the wide verge common land at the edge of the road, in one case, within the verge area itself. These buildings are important unaltered examples of the small 19th century brick Forest cottages, which reflect the cultural history of this area.

4.6.18 Each of these very different buildings enhances the particular part of the character area in which it is located, represents good local vernacular detailing and reflects the cultural history of the area.

Photographs: 1, Edge of conservation area; 2, View over fields; 3, Canterton Manor; 4, Green at Lower Canterton; 5, View down green; 6, View over landscape; 7, Canterton Manor Farm.

4.7 Warren’s House and Park (E)

4.7.1 This character area is formed by Warren’s Park estate, including the house, ancillary service buildings, lodge cottages and surrounding parkland. The western part of the parkland is now the Bramshaw golf course. Only one narrow lane runs north-south through the area and was probably part of the original drive to the house.

4.7.2 The character area is bordered by the arable character area G to the north; Bramshaw Hill and Brook Hill to the west and Brook village to the south (character area F); and the arable character area C to the southeast. Outside of the conservation area, on the eastern boundary, lies Cadnam Common.

4.7.3 Views into the character area are generally restricted due to the tree and hedge boundaries to the parkland, the lane and the adjacent golf course. Views through and out of the character area are gained out to the west over parts of the parkland.

4.7.4 Particular features of this character area include the large specimen trees dotted throughout the parkland area and the existence of metal estate fencing, which can still be found within the hedgerow to the edge of the lane running north-south through the area. The surviving mosaic of field boundaries helps to demonstrate the development of the medieval manor and later estate.

4.7.5 There are three listed buildings within the character area, with Warren’s being Grade II* and the stable block being Grade II. Blenman’s Farmhouse is also listed Grade II.

4.7.6 Warren’s House is a medium-sized country house dating from 1792 and was designed by the architect J Nash. The house was later extended in a matching style and had further extensions and alterations in the 19th and 20th century. It is constructed of yellow brick, partly stuccoed, and has slate and lead roofs.

4.7.7 The stable range dates from the 18th and 19th century and is constructed of rendered brick with a slate roof, with a later brick and tile roof addition. It is a single storey building with eight bays, with a two bay cottage added across one end. The bays either have 20th century garage doors, or full height doors, with the exception of one open bay forming an arched carriageway through with a gable over with loft door.

4.7.8 Blenman’s Farmhouse is one of the earliest domestic buildings within the conservation area. It dates from the late 16th century, with alterations in the 17th and 18th centuries. It is constructed of timber frame with brick infill, with a flint and rubble plinth to the front and has a plain tile roof with slate eaves. The large off-centre chimney stack has three diamond shaped flues and windows are simple leaded casements. The house is isolated within an agricultural setting on the eastern edge of Warren’s Park.

4.7.9 Five further buildings have been identified as being of local, vernacular or cultural interest. The lodge houses to the estate, Stocks Cross Lodge and Rouds Lodge, are not statutorily listed buildings, but may be considered to be curtilage listed buildings due to their ancillary nature and historic relationship to Warren’s House.

4.7.10 Stocks Cross Lodge is a simple single storey gate lodge building at the entrance to the drive to Warren’s. It is constructed of yellow brick with a recessed entrance porch supported by a single post and has a fully hipped plain clay tile roof. In contrast, Rouds Lodge is a low two storey red brick L-shaped building with fully gabled roofs and a large central chimney stack. These buildings are typical of mid 19th century ancillary country estate buildings and are important in the streetscene of Stocks Cross Green.

Photographs: 1, Tree lined lane; 2, Golf course; 3 & 4, Warren’s parkland; 5, Stock’s Cross Lodge; 6, Rouds Lodge; 7, Red Lodge.

4.8 Brook, Brook Hill, Stocks Cross and Bramshaw (F)

4.8.1 This character area is formed by 2.5 km (1.5 miles) of linear development running north along the B3079. There are five small areas of settlement at Brook, Brook Hill, Stocks Cross, Butchers Cross and Bramshaw. There are the remains of a medieval fee farm, as well as 18th century encroachments and 19th century purchased land on the edge of the Forest.

4.8.2 The character area is bordered by the arable and tree areas of character area G in the north and D in the south, and by the golf course within character area E in the east. To the west is Forest woodland, outside of the conservation area boundary.

4.8.3 The settlement has developed in a dispersed linear manner alongside the main road and is sandwiched between the Warren’s Park estate to the east and Bramshaw Hill to the west (now Fountain Court). Development has generally occurred from the late 18th century onwards, through into the late 20th century, with only one earlier cottage in Brook, dating from the 17th century. There is very little farmed land within this character area, compared to other parts of the conservation area.

4.8.4 Modern development in the character area is scattered throughout the area either between earlier buildings or as an extension of the earlier linear development – this is especially evident in the south-east spur off the main road at Brook. The design and character of the later 20th century development generally does not reflect the local distinctiveness and vernacular detailing of the wider conservation area.

4.8.5 Views into and out of the character area are generally restricted by the boundary trees and hedgerows to the roads and green areas, with only very few views afforded over elements of agricultural land within the north of the area. The internal green areas of common land allow shorter distance views within the character area.

4.8.6 Specific features, of this character area include the occurrence of wide verges, especially in the vicinity of the main road and the triangular open areas in the centres of areas of settlement, such as in Brook, Brook Hill, Stocks Cross and Butchers Cross. These form important focal points within these linear, dispersed settlements and also help to create a feeling of spaciousness, which is in contrast to parts of the area with particularly restricted views out.

4.8.7 There are 16 listed buildings within the character area, all of which are listed Grade II. These buildings are either located within small groups, or isolated, in plots within the north-south linear development.

4.8.8 On the western side of Brook Hill, set within extensive grounds, is Fountain Court (1916) probably by G. Kitchen for Sir George Thursby. It replaced the original house on this site called Bramshaw Hill. It is a long asymmetrical building of a Domestic Revival style, constructed in painted brick, with tile hanging and some timber-framing and has a plain clay tile hipped roof. This is a substantial house within 18th and 19th century encroachment into the Forest edge, on the western side of the main road.

4.8.9 At the entrance to the two driveways to Fountain Court are North Lodge and South Lodge respectively. These lodges were originally constructed to serve Bramshaw Hill, which was demolished in the early 20th century and replaced by the ‘Lutyens’ style Fountain Court. The lodges both date from the 19th century and are of a similar plan form and design. North Lodge is constructed of yellow brick with a slate roof and south lodge is painted brick with a slate roof. They are both of single storey in construction. South Lodge has a veranda all round, and North Lodge a front recessed bay under a roof carried on three timber posts. The roofs to both buildings are hipped all round and have chimney stacks with two diamond shaped flues.

4.8.10 Within the settlement of Brook is a small concentration of listed buildings, including: Bell Inn, Green Dragon, Popes, Little Popes and Wiltshire Cottage.

4.8.11 Bell Inn and the Green Dragon date from the mid and late 18th century respectively, with later alterations. Bell Inn is the higher status of the two buildings, being a two storey brick and tiled building with an attic and cellar. In contrast, the Green Dragon is a lower status two storey painted brick building with a thatched roof. Although both buildings have later alterations and extensions, they have retained many original features and are located in prominent positions in the streetscene within the village.

4.8.12 Little Popes, Popes and Wiltshire Cottage show the development of the settlement of Brook from the 17th century to the early 19th century and demonstrate the different building styles and types of these periods. Little Popes Cottage dates from the 17th century with later alterations and is a one and a half storey building of timber frame construction with brick infill and a thatched roof. Popes Cottage, is a slightly higher status thatched building, constructed of brick, instead of timber frame, but still has humble origins, being only one and a half storeys in height. The 19th century equivalent of these earlier workers’ cottages is Wiltshire Cottage, with its attached farm building. This is a two storey brick building with a plain tile roof and is particularly notable for its cast iron lozenge pane casements.

4.8.13 At Stocks Cross, a small group of listed buildings includes: Consort Cottage and Memorial Cottages. Both of these buildings date from the early to mid 19th century and between them have particularly notable architectural detailing including first floor tile hanging with bands of fishscale tiles, decorative brickwork, timber and tile verandas, cast iron lattice paned casement windows, and decorative combed ridge tiles. These buildings are very good examples of unaltered estate type cottages with a distinctive style.

4.8.14 The Forge is an example of a surviving simple low-key utilitarian building within the area. The building dates from the early 19th century and is a single storey building constructed of brick with a plain tile roof. It sits end on and adjacent to the roadside.

4.8.15 In addition, 15 un-listed buildings have been identified as being of local, vernacular or cultural interest, dating from the late 19th century and early 20th century. These buildings are scattered throughout the character area and are generally located alongside roads.

4.8.16 1 & 2 Morgan’s Vale are typical examples of late 19th century small Forest edge dwellings, which have been little altered. The buildings are constructed of red brick with yellow brick detailing and have slate roofs. Number 1 faces on to the road and the Forest edge beyond and number 2 is orientated end on to the road. Number 2 has the date 1871 picked out in yellow brick on the gable end.

4.8.17 Brook Cottage dates from the mid 19th century and faces onto the triangle of green area on the south side of the road in the centre of Brook. The two storey building is in a typical 19th century estate style and, similar to the listed Wiltshire Cottage slightly to the east, which also has decorative lattice cast iron casement windows. Brook Cottage is a prominent building on the green, adjacent to the Green Dragon.

4.8.18 Brook Green Cottage is a substantial early 19th century two storey cob and thatched dwelling. The building faces onto the green and is prominent in the streetscene behind a hedge.

4.8.19 Burnford House is modern and fits in well. Some of the outbuildings date from the 19th century. The outbuildings have been converted into residential use, but the sympathetic manner in which this has been undertaken has allowed the retention of the setting of the main house. This complex of buildings faces onto and, in some cases lies immediately adjacent to, the road. The main house is separated from the road by a small front garden area behind a high brick boundary wall.

4.8.20 The Wesleyan Chapel at Bramshaw dates from 1883. It is a typical rectangular plan form 19th century chapel, constructed of brick and stone, and orientated end on to the road. There is a small pitched roof entrance porch to the gable end and arched windows throughout. This non-domestic building is another reflection of the cultural history of the area.

4.8.21 The Wheelwrights shop at Brook Hill is an example of a typical utilitarian building. It is of timber frame construction, which has been weather boarded and tiled. The building is orientated end on to the green, and has large full height double opening doors which open out onto the adjacent open common land area.

4.8.22 These buildings are important as most retain their original vernacular detailing and appropriately detailed fenestration. Each of these very different buildings enhances the particular part of the character area in which it is located, represents good local vernacular detailing and reflects the cultural history of the area.

Photographs: 1, Brook Green; 2, Morgan’s Vale; 3, Stock’s Cross Green; 4, View through conservation area; 5, North Lodge; 6, South Lodge; 7, Bell Inn, Brook.

4.9 Bramshaw Church and dispersed agricultural settlement (G)

4.9.1 This character area is formed by dispersed farmsteads, within medieval field systems and some later larger 19th century field systems. The field systems are interspersed with blocks of woodland in the eastern part of the character area, within a large medieval inclosure. The church sits in an isolated position within a sub-oval inclosure on high ground within the westernmost corner of the area. There is no settlement around the church or any archaeological evidence in the form of earth works to suggest a former village site. It is possible that the church was built in this position to serve a large dispersed community in the medieval period.

4.9.2 The area is bordered by Penn Common (character area H) to the northeast; the Forest edge encroachment of character area I to the northwest; Warren’s Park (character area E); and the village of Bramshaw (character area F) to the south. The character area is also bordered by Forest edge and common, outside of the conservation area, at various points.

4.9.3 The area is traversed by only two roads, which are predominantly bordered by hedges and trees, with instances of wide verges, sometimes verging on the size of small areas of common land. A road forms the southern boundary of the character area. The character of this undulating landscape is formed by the pattern of field systems, the more open views in the western element and the woodland copses to the eastern part.

4.9.4 Views through the area are generally restricted due to the predominantly hedge and tree boundaries to roads and fields. However, there are more long distance views from the higher ground around the church.

4.9.5 Specific features, of this character area include the occurrence of wide verges, especially in the vicinity of Bloodoaks Farm and the triangular open area at Wych Green, the latter of which also forms an important focal point. These features create a feeling of spaciousness, which is in contrast to parts of the area with narrower lanes and particularly restricted views out.

4.9.6 There are three listed buildings within the character area, the church being listed Grade II*. The Church of St Peter is located on one of the highest points in the conservation area. The building dates from the mid 13th century, however only the west nave survives from this period. The transepts and tower date from 1828 and the chancel and vestry from the late 19th century. The building is variously constructed of rubble ironstone and flint, stone dressings, brick, flint and weatherboard, with a plain tile roof over all. The church is surrounded by a terraced churchyard, which is set some height above the adjacent road.

4.9.7 The Vicarage (around 1841), Grade II listed, is a high status building located adjacent to the church on this high point within the character area. It is a two storey building constructed of chequerwork brick with painted stone dressings and has a slate roof. Particularly important historic detailing includes a ridged projecting full height porch, an archway over a canted oriel window and corner pilasters with stone capitals.

4.9.8 Upper Barford Farmhouse, listed Grade II, dates from the early 19th century with 20th century alterations. It is a two storey building constructed of brick, with the use of decorative blue headers and a slate roof. The gables and the rear wing are rendered. There is a central six panel door to the front of the building with two steps up to a pedimented doorcase. The multi-paned timber vertical sash windows also survive. This is an example of a high quality, high status, early 19th century farmhouse, which retains historic detailing. Adjacent to the farmhouse is a substantial complex of associated 19th century brick and tiled farm buildings, which help to retain the agricultural setting of the farmhouse.

4.9.9 In addition, thirteen un-listed buildings have been identified as being of local, vernacular or cultural interest. These buildings are scattered throughout the character area and are generally located alongside roads. Each of these very different buildings enhance the particular part of the character area in which they are located, and represent good local vernacular detailing and reflect the cultural history of the area. Of particular note are Lower Barford Farm and adjacent cart hovel, Oak Cottage and Wych Cottage.

4.9.10 Lower Barford Farmhouse is a substantial double pile painted brick building with origins in the 18th century. It is located facing the road, slightly southeast of Upper Barford Farmhouse and is similar in size and scale to this adjacent listed building. Opposite Lower Barford Farmhouse is an important survival of a long, low timber cart hovel or implement shed, located within the wide verge. This grouping of buildings is important to show the agricultural cultural history of this part of the character area and is still surrounded by irregular field systems to the north and south.

4.9.11 Oak Cottage and Wych Cottage are similarly designed small foresters’ cottages. Oak Cottage is located within the wide verge adjacent to the road and Wych Cottage is sited off the northern side of Wych Green, facing this open area. These buildings are important unaltered examples of the small 19th century brick foresters’ cottages, which reflect the cultural history of the area.

Photographs: 1, Hedge and tree lined road with wide verges; 2, Undulating landscape; 3, Long distance view from churchyard; 4, View across Wych Green to Wych Cottage; 5, Church; 6, Church tower; 7, Old Vicarage.

4.10 Penn Common and Furzely (H)

4.10.1 This character area comprises the linear area of development along the southern side of Penn Common; an area of encroachment to the north of Penn Common; Penn Common itself and the hamlet of Furzley.

4.10.2 The character area is bordered by the arable and wooded landscape of character area G to the south and west. To the north, east and southeast, the character area is surrounded by Wellow, Plaitford, Half Moon and Furzley Commons, all outside the boundary of the conservation area.

4.10.3 The western part of the character area is formed by the early medieval inclosure around Penn Farm, for which there is documentary evidence dating back to 1272. This small inclosure is characterised by a medieval field system, with the farm buildings facing on to a triangular element of common land, along the north boundary of which runs the road. This triangle of common is an important focal point and provides panoramic views throughout this small part of the character area. To the north of the triangle of common is a later inclosure, within the main Penn Common heathland.

4.10.4 To the east of Penn Farm is a linear area of edge of common land encroachment with predominantly 19th century settlement and several more modern dwellings within individual plots. This linear area backs on to a significant area of woodland within character area G, which has a strong ditch and bank boundary. Generally restricted views are gained over Penn Common to the north, due to the vegetation on this area of heathland.

4.10.5 North of Penn Common is an area of late 18th and early 19th century encroachment which encloses the common and divorces it from the Plaitford and Wellow Commons to the north. There are many trees along the majority of boundaries restricting views out of the area to the north. Slightly more open views are afforded across the northern edge of Penn Common. There are two funnels onto the open heathland to the north – one at either end of this area of encroachment. A secondary element of late inclosure encroachment runs in a north-south linear manner at the eastern end of Penn Common, completing its full enclosure from the surrounding Forest heathland.

4.10.6 Furzley is a small hamlet within a late medieval inclosure surrounded by woodland, woodland pasture and open heathland common land. The settlement has developed in a linear manner along Furzley Road and Black Hill Road, with a small area of secondary linear development on the western edge, facing the adjacent heathland. Views out of this part of the character area are generally restricted due to vegetation on the surrounding heathland, however, slightly more long distance views are available from the south east corner, across Furzley Common.

4.10.7 There is very little modern development in this character area other than the individual infill plots in the 19th century linear encroachment and within Furzley. These modern buildings have generally been constructed in non-traditional materials and do not blend in well with the more historic elements of the character area.

4.10.8 There are no listed buildings within the character area, however, a total of 18 un-listed buildings have been identified as being of local, vernacular or cultural interest, ranging from a late 18th century thatched farm house and a 19th century typical end on cob Forest cottage to Victorian and Edwardian dwellings. Of particular note are Wicksmoor Farmhouse, The Cob Cottage, Southview and Stagsbury View.

4.10.9 Wicksmoor Farmhouse is located within the northern late 18th century encroachment and is a long low one and a half storey thatched building which faces onto Penn Common. It is a typical example of a late 18th century Forest dwelling built to serve the surrounding inclosed agricultural land.

4.10.10 The Cob Cottage in Furzley is a typical one and a half storey small 18th century Forest cottage, constructed of cob with a thatched roof, and is orientated end on to the adjacent road. It is an important relatively unaltered survival of this type of New Forest building and reflects the cultural history of the area.

4.10.11 Southview and Stagsbury View are examples of early 20th century detached dwellings of a simple original design of two storeys with a central doorway and porch, vertical sash windows either side of the door at ground and first floor, and a gabled slate roof with end chimney stacks.

4.10.12 It is important that most of these buildings have retained their original simple plan form and general appearance, along with hedged boundary frontages.

4.10.13 Each of these very different buildings enhances the particular part of the character area in which it is located, represents good local vernacular detailing and reflects the cultural history of the area.

Photographs: 1, View across Penn Common; 2, Common edge encroachment; 3, Ditch and boundary bank; 4, Wicksmoor Farmhouse; 5, Southview; 6, Stagsbury View.

4.11 Forest edge encroachment (I)

4.11.1 This small character area is formed by late 17th century Forest edge encroachment. The area is surrounded by woodland pasture on the south, west and north, with character area G to the east.

4.11.2 The built development is formed by three isolated dwellings: Dazel Farmhouse; Forrester’s Cottage and Cove Cottage. A small series of irregularly shaped fields lie to the west and southwest of Dazel Farmhouse and associated farm buildings. The two late 18th century cottages lie directly on the wooded Forest edge at the southwest boundary of the character area. There is no modern development within this character area.

4.11.3 Views are generally restricted by the hedge and tree road boundaries, with only occasional longer distance views across the irregular fields to the southwest of Dazel Farmhouse. Field boundaries are formed by hedges, with larger areas of trees within the southern and westernmost parts of the character area.

4.11.4 Dazel Farmhouse is a Grade II listed building and Cove Cottage and Forrester’s Cottage are of local historic interest.

4.11.5 Dazel Farmhouse dates from the 17th century with 18th and 19th century alterations and additions. This one and a half storey, three bay building, is constructed of timber frame with brick infill and encasing and has a thatched roof. The building is set back from and faces onto the road, but lies at a lower level. To the west is a series of small irregularly shaped fields, which provide the open agricultural setting of this building within this 17th century Forest edge inclosure.

4.11.6 Forrester’s Cottage appears to date from the late 17th century and is a long two storey brick building with box timber frame evident to the southeast gable end. The building faces onto the Forest edge and is similar in design and detailing to other farmhouses within the conservation area, such as Storm’s Farmhouse in character area C.

4.11.7 Adjacent to Forrester’s Cottage is Cove Cottage, which actually sits within the Forest, outside of the inclosure boundary. It is a typical one and a half storey 18th century Forest cottage, constructed of cob with a thatched roof, and is orientated end on to the open woodland pasture. It is an important relatively unaltered survival of this type of New Forest building and reflects the cultural history of the area.

Photographs: 1, Forrester’s Cottage; 2, Dazel Farm; 3, Forrester’s Cottage; 4, Cove Cottage.

4.12 Cadnam (J)

4.12.1 This character area is formed by the historic part of the much larger settlement of Cadnam. The settlement originally developed alongside the two original east-west roads and is now bypassed, and sandwiched between, the modern A31 and M27 roads.

4.12.2 The area is bordered by the arable character areas of C and A to the north, but is separated from these by the route of the modern M27 road. The original route of Kewlake Lane still survives, passing south under the motorway and into the north of this part of Cadnam, thereby retaining a connection with the remainder of the conservation area to the north.

4.12.3 The settlement developed predominantly in the 19th and early 20th centuries, however, there are earlier isolated buildings with origins in the 17th and 18th centuries. The later buildings are mainly of brick with slate or tile roofs, with the earlier buildings demonstrating some surviving timber framing, as well as the use of thatch as a roofing material.

4.12.4 The later 20th century and modern development in the character area is scattered throughout the area, but the design and character of this later development generally does not reflect the local distinctiveness of this area.

4.12.5 Views into and out of the character area are generally restricted by the built form of the settlement, and the raised embankment now covered with trees, to the edge of the M27 to the north. However, wider views are gained to the south and east, across the adjacent modern road systems.

4.12.6 Boundary treatments to plots are hedgerows or low picket style fencing. However, a few inappropriate methods of boundary treatment are beginning to creep in to the area. Several large specimen trees are present along with areas of tree and scrub to the edges of the lanes and to the north of parts of the modern A31 road. These green areas help to soften the appearance of the character area retaining a more country village feel. The green areas also help to prevent the area taking on the appearance of the more modern suburban extensions to this historic village core.

4.12.7 There is one Grade II listed building within the character area. Sir John Barleycorn Inn is of medieval origin, with the largest part of the building dating from the C18. This long, low, two storey building has been substantially renovated in the 20th century and has also been extended. The building is constructed of painted brickwork, with a hipped thatched roof and has three open brick porches with gabled thatched roofs. The building is in a prominent position at the western end of the original parallel roads through this more historic part of Cadnam. It is particularly dominant in views when entering the character area from the southwest and is also visible from the adjacent M27 to the north and the modern road system to the south.

4.12.8 In addition, 18 un-listed buildings have been identified as being of local, vernacular or cultural interest, ranging from a 17th century box timber framed dwelling, to late 19th century and early 20th century brick buildings with slate roofs. Particularly notable individual un-listed buildings include: Bramble Cottage and Bridge Cottage, Forest Syde, Coronation Villas, Methodist Chapel, Poona Cottage, the Old Forge and the White Hart. The buildings predominantly face on to the road, with some set back within larger front garden areas.

4.12.9 Some of these unlisted buildings date from the mid to late 19th century and reflect the typical construction and period details of this era, many of which have survived intact, including window and door detailing and appropriate boundary treatments.

4.12.10 Also of interest are a number of late 19th century and early 20th century Victorian and Edwardian brick buildings with slate roofs. These are typical detached and semi detached dwellings of the era with symmetrical facades and gabled roofs. Many of these retain their original vernacular detailing and appropriately detailed fenestration.

4.12.11 Each of these very different buildings enhance the particular part of the character area in which they are located, represent good local vernacular detailing and reflect the cultural history of the area.

Photographs: 1, Hedge and tree lined road boundary; 2, Sir John Barleycorn; 3, Poona Cottage; 4, Bridge Cottage; 5, Tackaberry Cottage; 6, Methodist Chapel; 7, The Old Forge.

Part 5 Materials, textures, colours and detailing

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 By necessity, builders in the past used materials which were available locally, with the earlier buildings of timber and thatch, with a few instances of cob. Most of the buildings in the Forest Central North are lower status cottages dating from the 19th century with a few higher status larger farmhouses. They display traditional construction techniques. With improved transport and more advanced manufacturing techniques, from the late 18th century and early 19th century onwards a wider choice of materials such as Welsh roof slates and local hand made bricks became available to builders.

5.1.2 Before carrying out any repairs or considering extending or altering historic buildings within the area, whether listed or not, the original method of construction should be studied, understood and followed to preserve the historic fabric and character of these important vernacular buildings.

5.2 Walls

5.2.1 There are a few examples of properties constructed using timber framing with a variety of materials used for the infill panels, including wattle and daub, and brick. There are very few examples of cob constructed buildings within the area, with Forester’s Cottage being a good example of an early encroachment dwelling on the Forest edge. Within the area, there is a predominance of 18th and 19th century buildings. These buildings are mainly constructed of brick with some evidence of timber framing from the core of earlier buildings. Bricks could be sourced locally and there is evidence for brickworks at Brook and Wellow to the north. In the early 20th century local brick yards declined and bricks were brought in from further afield.

5.2.2 Decorative tile hanging to walls also features on some of the estate cottages within the area, but this is not a prevalent material. Agricultural buildings, including isolated implement sheds, are quite often timber framed and clad with weatherboarding. Historically the boarding was square edged and usually of oak, which, over a period of time, weathered to a dark grey colour. Later in the 19th and 20th century, softwood feather edged boarding was used as a cheap replacement for the oak and was blackened with tar as a preservative. Modern repair, replacements or new build should respect the vernacular designs and traditions.

5.3 Roofs

5.3.1 There are several examples of thatched roofs within the area. Evidence indicates that long straw was the prevailing thatching material. Since the middle of the last century, combed wheat straw has assumed greater prominence and is now the main thatching material. The practice when re-thatching, is to spar coat a new layer of thatch onto the roof, hence in the majority of cases, the base layers are a century or more old. This historic base layer is an invaluable archaeological resource and should not be disturbed.

5.3.2 Where thatched buildings are listed, a change from one thatch material to another or a change in style of the thatch will inevitably change the character of the building and hence requires listed building consent. The planning authority will resist the loss of indigenous types of that material and would need compelling evidence in support of such a change.

5.3.3 As craftsmen, thatchers take great pride in their work and their individual skills are to be respected. While allowing scope for individuality, it is also important to maintain local distinctiveness if the special character of the area is to be preserved. Historically, thatched roofs in the New Forest have adopted a simple profile with minimum punctuation by dormer windows and other adornment. The appropriate ridge for a long straw roof is termed ‘flush and wrap-over’ (i.e. sits flush with the main roof slope). Combed wheat straw on the other hand often has a block ridge (one that stands proud) which can be plain or decorated. In the interests of maintaining the simplicity and distinctiveness of the local tradition, the Authority encourages the use of flush and wrap-over ridge on both long straw and combed wheat straw roofs.

5.3.4 The individual thatcher would often create a signature feature on the roof of a thatched building, and examples of birds are common in the area, especially pheasants and owls.

5.3.5 There are a few examples of plain clay roof tiles on 18th century buildings, but natural slate became very popular from the mid 19th century onwards due to its availability with the advent of rail transport. The earlier 18th century buildings are obvious by the use of clay tiles, with the later 19th and early 20th century buildings heavily characterised by the use of slate. Decorative ridge tiles, scallop and beaver-tail roof tiles and decorative barge boards to eaves also characterise some of the 19th century estate cottages within the area.

5.3.6 There is also some later use of concrete tiles. Unfortunately, these have a much heavier profile than the clay tiles and slates that they are replacing. The concrete tiles can often appear prominent within the historic landscape and therefore their use is discouraged within a conservation area.

5.3.7 Chimneys make an important contribution to the skyline and can be an essential component of a building’s character. Of particular note are the very distinctive chimney stacks on the gate lodges to Fountain Court and the estate cottages around Stocks Cross. Chimney pots also add to the character of the roofscape and there are particularly rich and varied examples in the conservation area, ranging from local handmade pots, to the very distinctive Fareham pots, to the later 19th century examples from the Midlands and further afield. Every attempt should be made to retain both chimney stacks and pots as they make a major contribution to the character of the area.

5.4 Windows

5.4.1 Windows are a critical element of a building’s design and even subtle changes can significantly alter the character. As distinct from their modern counterparts, windows found in older properties are designed with the sub-frame and opening or fixed light flush, as opposed to the cruder design found in storm proofed windows. This detailing produces a more harmonised design. Likewise, the position of the window in the wall, whether flush or set in a reveal and the form of the glazing bars affects the play of light and shade, again significantly affecting the visual appearance. The main style of window in cottages are side hung, single glazed, timber casements.

5.4.2 In the late 18th and 19th century higher status buildings in the area, small paned timber vertical sash windows are the prevalent window style and are a demonstration of the wealth of the owners of the time. In addition, a number of the estate cottages have highly decorative small paned cast iron casement windows which are a particularly important feature in the conservation area.

5.4.3 Unfortunately, the use of non-traditional materials, such as PVCu has begun to replace timber windows. While aspirations to improve thermal insulation are understood, wholesale replacement of well designed windows can rarely be achieved satisfactorily using sealed double glazed units. A more appropriate solution is likely to be through proprietary draught stripping and secondary glazing. Existing windows should be retained, repaired or remade to a design appropriate to the period and design of the property.

5.5 Doors

5.5.1 Doors and associated architectural detailing are another important feature which often complete the character of the building. The significance of doors to the historic character of a building is often overlooked and doors are replaced with modern replicas of inappropriate detail. The associated architectural detailing of simple porches to small vernacular cottages, or ornate door cases to the higher status buildings reflect the styles, periods of buildings and the social standing of the buildings.

5.6 Garden walls, fences and other means of enclosure

5.6.1 Many historic boundaries remain within the conservation area, defining the original plot sizes and are natural or man made. The highly rural nature of the area has lead to little use of garden walls. However, there are examples of traditionally detailed fences, such as metal estate fencing and simple post and rail fence. The predominant means of enclosure is the use of hedges (discussed later). The surviving manmade means of enclosure are important components within the conservation area, due to their rarity, and have a significant contribution to the character of the area.

5.6.2 There are examples of 19th century metal estate fencing at Warren’s Park and Canterton Manor. Farmland is still generally defined by hedgerows.

5.6.3 The majority of properties, including modern dwellings, have retained an historic method of defining the boundary, using the predominant rural hedgerow. There is an unfortunate move towards close boarded fencing of various heights in places and this is an alien feature, detracting from the historic character of the area.

5.7 Key characteristics

• Most of the older buildings in the area are constructed of materials from local sources.
• Predominant construction material is brick, with some examples of earlier timber frame.
• Slate is the predominant roofing material in the area and is prevalent on the 19th and 20th century buildings. Earlier roofing materials from the 18th century and before are thatch and clay tile. Machine made decorative tiles characterise the estate cottages in the area.
• Windows and doors are generally traditionally designed and made of timber, although occasionally windows are made of cast iron. The use of PVCu is beginning to impact detrimentally on the area.
• There are few examples of historic manmade boundary features. However, important examples of 19th century estate fencing remain.

Part 6 The contribution of trees, open spaces and other landscape features

6.1 Introduction

6.1.1 A significant part of the character of the conservation area is derived from the contribution made by trees, hedges, open spaces and other natural elements contained within it, including the watercourses.

6.2 Trees and hedgerows

6.2.1 It would be unrealistic to identify all trees which make a positive contribution to the character of the conservation area. The most significant trees and groups of trees are shown on the character appraisal maps. Trees form important copses within the wider landscape and break up the network of irregularly shaped small arable field systems. Large important tree specimens are scattered throughout the area. These specimens are predominant on roadside, at the Forest edge and are also associated with the parkland setting of the Warren’s House. A number of important trees within the conservation area have previously been identified and are protected with Tree Preservation Orders. The designation of the conservation area extends protection to the remaining trees.

6.2.2 Hedgerows are a predominant boundary feature particularly to the narrow lanes and arable fields. They are also the principal form of boundary to the small paddocks and gardens associated with the dwellings. Hedges are easily lost through farming practices, disease or development pressures and may become degraded through lack of regular and appropriate management. They also form a very important habitat for birds and small mammals and often contain many species of plants.

6.2.3 The retention of hedgerows is very important as many are very old and are fundamental in understanding the development of the landscape. Many of the banks and ditches associated with hedgerows may well date back to the Anglo Saxon period and the original formation of settlements and land division.

6.3 Open spaces

6.3.1 Open spaces within the conservation area are important as they help to define the built environment and create a sense of place. The important open areas are defined on the character appraisal maps.

6.3.2 The open spaces within the settlements are mainly residual areas of common which have been encroached upon by dwellings and can be in the form of greens or wide verges. Penn Common is the largest area of open space and has been segregated from the heathland to the north by late 18th century and 19th century Forest encroachment.

6.3.3 Beyond the north and northeast boundaries of the conservation area, the heathland is the principal form of open landscape. To the west and south, woodland and associated woodland pasture is the predominant form of landscape. Between the settlements the mosaic of small irregular arable fields systems of medieval origin creates intimate spaces, punctuated by woodland copses and hedgerows with large specimen trees.

6.4 Other natural features in the landscape

6.4.1 There are numerous small water courses draining the higher agricultural land. The water courses and associated wet land areas are a key source of biodiversity within the conservation area, supporting many types of wildlife.

6.5 Other manmade features in the landscape

6.5.1 There is an important survival of banks and ditches to the medieval areas of encroachment. Particular examples include the edges of encroachment into Penn Common and between the medieval manors.

6.6 Important views

6.6.1 The most important views looking into, out of and through the conservation area are shown on the character appraisal maps. These contribute to the character and setting of the conservation area and care needs to be taken to ensure that these are not lost or compromised by inappropriate development or poorly sited services.

6.7 Key characteristics

• Copses of trees break up the mosaic of irregularly shaped arable fields.
• Large individual specimen trees exist at the roadside, on the Forest edge, in field hedgerows and within Warren’s Park.
• Wide verges and enclosed greens.
• One larger open common area.
• Survival of historic ditch and bank boundaries to medieval estates and enclosures.
• Hedges are important enclosure features, contributing to the character of the area.

Part 7 Other issues affecting the conservation area

7.1 Modern development has taken place but the intrinsic character of the conservation area and its historic character have not been significantly affected. Most of the new development has been the infilling of vacant plots within the existing plan form of the settlements. The most significant larger scale areas of development have taken the form of small groups of houses grafted onto the edge of some of the historic dispersed linear settlements. The repeat of such an approach to modern development would not be encouraged.

7.2 The survival of the historic plan form of the settlements in the conservation area means that the capacity for new development within the boundaries of the settlements is minimal and significant new development would be detrimental to the intrinsic historic character and plan form.

7.3 The majority of modern properties in the area are of a standard form which does not reflect the special characteristics of the earlier and more rural buildings in the area. There is the opportunity in the future for scale, massing, design and use of materials to be more carefully considered.

7.4 The use of modern building materials and the pressures of meeting current building regulations, as reflected in the requirement for insulation and the associated use of double glazing and PVCu. This has become noticeable in the area. Type, design and profile of any replacement windows needs careful consideration if the special character of buildings in the area is to be retained.

7.5 The requirement for new domestic outbuildings such as garages and sheds etc. can have a significant cumulative impact on an historic area. Such outbuildings can be of traditional design and materials and so make a positive contribution to the area.

7.6 The existence of complexes of historic farm buildings may give rise to pressure for conversion of agricultural buildings to modern uses, whether commercial or domestic. It is important that any conversion scheme respects the intrinsic agricultural character of these historic buildings. These complexes of buildings are often prominent within the landscape and have a great historic relevance to the development of the conservation area.

7.7 It is anticipated that there will be future pressure for the re-use of any previously developed land within or on the edge of the conservation area. The retention of any existing historic buildings in these areas is a key aim.

7.8 Hedgerows and traditional rural boundaries are an important feature of the area. Their piecemeal loss has occurred and offers opportunity for reinstatement.

7.9 Cars can dominate the landscape and detract from traditional rural character. The need for such transport in rural areas will of course continue in the future. The provision of off-road parking without the loss of boundary treatments, such as traditional walls or hedgerows, needs careful consideration.

7.10 It is important that development on the edge or immediately outside of the conservation area boundary does not have a detrimental impact on views into and out of the conservation area.

7.11 Overhead wires are an unfortunate feature in the historic landscape, especially noticeable in parts of the area such as Stocks Cross and Canterton.

Annex 1 Map showing conservation area boundary

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationary Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. New Forest National Park Authority. Licence no.1000114703, 2008. Not to Scale

Annex 2 Map showing character areas

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationary Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. New Forest National Park Authority. Licence no.1000114703, 2008. Not to Scale

• A Newbridge
• B Cadnam Green
• C Manor Farm and neighbouring dispersed farms
• D Canterton
• E Warren’s House and Park
• F Brook, Brook Hill, Stock’s Cross and Bramshaw
• G Bramshaw Church and dispersed agricultural settlements
• H Penn Common and Furzely
• I Forest edge encroachment
• J Cadnam

Annex 3 Glossary of terms

A selection of terms used in this appraisal with brief definitions:

Afforestation

Historically to afforest was to place a piece of land under Forest law. In modern terms to afforest means to plant a forest.

Ancient & ornamental woodlands

The unenclosed broad-leaved woodlands of the New Forest.

Arcade

Range of arches supported on piers or columns, freestanding or attached to a wall.

Assart

An assart is a piece of waste land (including woodland) which has been brought under cultivation. Within a Forest this was called a Purpresture and later an Encroachment.

Bay

Internal compartments of a building or external divisions of a building by fenestration.

Cob

A material for walls made from compressed earth, clay or chalk, often reinforced with straw.

Curtilage

An area attached to a dwelling house forming one enclosure with it.

Enclosure / Encroachment

Enclosed space; encroachment refers to open Forest illegally enclosed, usually on its periphery.

Fenestration

The arrangement of windows in a building.

Inclosure

Statutory inclosure made under various New Forest Acts, for the growth of timber. The Rights of Commoners are temporarily suspended within Inclosures.

Mullion

A vertical post or upright dividing a window into two or more lights.

Open Forest

Any unenclosed, commonable lands within the Forest perambulation.

Oriel window

An angular or curved projection usually on an upper floor, containing a window.

Purpresture

See Encroachment and Assart.

Sash window

A window comprising sashes which slide vertically in grooves.

String course

A projecting course of stone or brick running horizontally along the face of a wall.

Thatch / Thatching

Traditional roofing using straw or similar. Local techniques and ridge details are important to retain.

Vaccary

Within the context of the New Forest, a vaccary is a petty serjeanty—historically a cow farm or holding charged with a service.

Vernacular

Ordinary, local building styles and materials rather than monumental architecture.

Annex 4 References

A bibliography and sources used in preparing the appraisal includes guidance documents, local histories and archaeological reports. Examples:

• Charles Mynors (2006), Listed Buildings, Conservation Areas and Monuments, 4th Edition, Sweet & Maxwell
• English Heritage (2006), Guidance on Conservation Area appraisals
• Department of the Environment (1994), PPG 15: Planning and the Historic Environment
• Edwards, B. (1999) Historic Rural Settlement in the New Forest District: An Archaeological and Historical Survey
• New Forest District Landscape Character Assessment (2000)
• Hampshire County Council records and archaeological archives
• Ordnance Survey maps and historic editions

Annex 5 Public consultation

Over the past 30 years the approach to designating conservation areas has changed significantly and much greater emphasis is now placed on involving the local community in evaluating what makes an area 'special', whether it should be designated and where the boundary should be. Public participation is also an important part of the appraisal process.

County and District Councillors and Parish Councils representing the areas concerned were consulted on the proposals for the Forest Central North Conservation Area, together with the New Forest Consultative Panel and representatives from other organisations including Ninth Centenary Trust, New Forest District Council and English Heritage.

Open afternoons and evenings were held in Bramshaw and Emery Down with an exhibition, information about the proposals and officers available to answer questions. Similar information was made available on the National Park Authority’s website.

The consultation showed that the areas are recognised by the public and other organisations as having a special character. Public support for designation significantly outweighed objections.

Consultation material summary

The consultation included a questionnaire asking local people what they felt were the most important characteristics of the proposed conservation area and offering the opportunity to comment on the boundaries and proposals.

Annex 6 DVD - Detailed mapping

The enclosed DVD on the back page provides detailed mapping of the conservation area. The maps show the conservation area boundary, the character areas boundaries and character features (scale 1:2500). The mapping of character features is not intended to be exhaustive.

Conservation area mapping information is also available on our website: http://maps.newforestnpa.gov.uk/

Map tiles key and character features key are included with the detailed mapping. Map tiles and character features are provided at a range of sizes for printing.

Map and character features key (summary)

• NFNP boundary
• Conservation area boundary
• Parish boundary
• Listed building
• Building with vernacular detailing/local historic interest
• Scheduled Ancient Monument
• Prominent hedge / Hedge and trees / Tree Preservation Order
• Prominent individual trees / Woodland
• Traditional plot boundary treatment / Inappropriate plot boundary treatment
• Forest edge / Important open space / Wide verge
• Boundary ditch (often with corresponding bank) / Focal point
• Views (short distance, long distance, glimpsed, restricted, panoramic, truncated)
• Large open tracts of agricultural land

Print information

Survey work undertaken and document prepared by Kevin Stubbs, historic building consultant.
Printed March 2009.